Hela (caste)

Hela

The term "Hela" in India refers primarily to a specific community that has historically faced significant social and economic marginalization.

💡 Who are the Hela People?

The Hela community is primarily found in North India, with significant populations in states like Uttar Pradesh (UP), Madhya Pradesh (MP), Rajasthan, and West Bengal. They are categorized as a Scheduled Caste (SC) and are widely regarded as a Dalit community.

Here is a summary of key information about the Hela community:

 Hela Mehtar or simply Mehtar.

Population Estimated at around 53,000, though this may be an undercount.

Religion Predominantly Hindu, though a distinct Muslim subgroup called the Hela Mehtar exists in Rajasthan.

Traditional Occupation Historically associated with manual scavenging, sweeping, and sanitation work. They are also known for mat-weaving and basket-making.

Socioeconomic Status A historically marginalized and landless community that has faced discrimination and untouchability.

📜 History, Origin, and Traditions

Origin Stories: The origin of the Hela community is complex and varies. One tradition holds that they are converts from the Hindu Bhangi caste (another community associated with sanitation work), while another suggests a connection to a historical figure named Ibrahim Ruhela.

Migration from UP: Many Hela people have migrated from their ancestral homes in districts like Varanasi and Mirzapur in UP. A major reason for this migration was to escape the severe socioeconomic discrimination and untouchability they faced there. They have formed distinct communities, or "ghettos," in their new locations, such as the "Hela Basti" in Kolkata's Ballygunge area.

Marriage Practices: The Hela community is noted for strong traditions of endogamy (marrying within the community) and consanguineous marriages (marrying close kin). This practice helps maintain their cultural identity and cohesion, especially as a migrant group surrounded by other communities.

🏙️ Present Circumstances

Today, while some members of the Hela community still work in their traditional jobs as municipal sweepers and cleaners, there is a gradual shift. Some have found employment as housemaids, agricultural laborers, and in trade and services. A small number who have gained more education have secured higher-level government jobs. Despite these changes, they continue to be a marginalized community with much of their population engaged in low-paying work.