January 25, 2021

Chamar Samaaj

Chamar



HINDU CASTE

WRITTEN BY: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Chamar, widespread caste in northern India whose hereditary occupation is tanning leather; the name is derived from the Sanskrit word charmakara (“skin worker”). The Chamars are divided into more than 150 subcastes, all of which are characterized by well-organized panchayats (governing councils). Members of the caste are included in the officially designated Scheduled Castes (also called Dalits); because their hereditary work obliged them to handle dead animals, the Chamars were among those formerly called “untouchables.” Their settlements have often been outside higher-caste Hindu villages. Each settlement has its own headman (pradhan), and larger towns have more than one such community headed by a pradhan. The Chamars allow widows to marry either their husband’s younger brother or a widower of the same subcaste. A segment of the caste follows the teaching of Shiva Narayana, the 18th-century saint and ascetic of northern India, and aims at purifying its customs in order to raise its social prestige. Other Chamars revere Ravidas, an influential 16th-century poet-saint of Banaras (Varanasi) who challenged the idea of pollution and its ritual manifestations. Still others have adopted Buddhism, following the lead of Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891–1956). While many still practice their traditional craft, many more are part of the broader agricultural and urban labour force. (This article was most recently revised and updated by Matt Stefon, Assistant Editor.(https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chamar))
( Kanooni ladai regarding sc/st)


CHAPTER-2- LIST OF SCHEDULED CASTES 1 THE CONSTITUTION (SCHEDULED CASTES)
ORDER, 1950 C.O. 19 In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of article 341 of the Constitution of India, the President, after consultation with the Governors and Rajpramukhs of the States concerned, is pleased to make the following Order, namely:— 1. This Order may be called the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950. 2. Subject to the provisions of this Order, the castes, races or tribes or parts of, or groups within, castes or tribes specified in 2 [PartsI to 3 [XXV]] of the Schedule to this Order shall, in relation to the States to which those Parts respectively relate, be deemed to be Scheduled Castes so far as regards member thereof resident in the localities specified in relation to them in those Parts of that Schedule. 4 [3. Notwithstanding anything contained in paragraph 2, no person who professes a religion different from the Hindu 5 [, the Sikh or the Buddhist] religion shall be deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste.] 6 [4. Any reference in this Order to a State or to a district or other territorial division thereof shall be construed as a reference to the State, district or other territorial division as constituted on the 1st day of May, 1976.]
[THE SCHEDULE


PART I. - Andhra Pradesh
1. Adi Andhra
2. Adi Dravida
3. Anamuk
4. Aray Mala
5. Arundhatiya
6. Arwa Mala
7. Bariki
8. Bavuri
2 ***
10. Bindla
3 [11. Byagara, Byagari]
12. Chachati
13. Chalavadi
3[14. Chamar, Mochi, Muchi, Chamar-Ravidas,
Chamar-Rohidas]
15. Chambhar
16. Chandala
17. Dakkal, Dokkalwar
18. Dandasi
19. Dhor
20. Dom, Dombara, Paidi, Pano
21. Ellamalawar, Yellammalawandlu
22. Ghasi, Haddi, Relli, Chachandi
3[23.Godagali, Godagula(in the districts of
Srikakulam,Vizianagaram and Vishakhapatanam)]
24. Godari
25. Gosangi
26. Holeya
27. Holeya Dasari
28. Jaggali
29. Jambuvulu
3 [30. Kolupulvandlu, Pambada, Pambanda, Pambala]
31. Madasi Kuruva, Madari Kuruva
32. Madiga
33. Madiga Dasu, Mashteen
34. Mahar
3 [35. Mala, Mala Ayawaru]
36. Mala Dasari
37. Mala Dasu
38. Mala Hannai
39. Malajangam
40. Mala Masti
41. Mala Sale, Netkani
42. Mala Sanyasi
43. Mang
44. Mang Garodi
45. Manne
46. Mashti
47. Matangi
48. Mehtar
49. Mitha Ayyalvar
50. Mundala
51. Paky, Moti, Thoti
4 * * *
53. Pamidi
54. Panchama, Pariah
55. Relli
56. Samagara
57. Samban


58. Sapru
59. Sindhollu, Chindollu
5[60. Yatala
61. Valluvan.]
PART II. – Assam
1. Bansphor
2. Bhuinmali, Mali
3. Brittial Bania, Bania
4. Dhupi, Dhobi
5. Dugla, Dholi
6. Hira
7. Jalkeot
8. Jhalo, Malo, Jhalo-Malo
9. Kaibartta, Jaliya
10. Lalbegi
11. Mahara
12. Mehtar, Bhangi
13. Muchi, Rishi
14. Namasudra
15. Patni
16. Sutradhar.
PART III.— Bihar
1. Bantar
2. Bauri
3. Bhogta
4. Bhuiya
5. Bhumij 1***
2[6.Chamar, Mochi, Chamar-Rabidas, Chamar
Ravidas, Chamar-Rohidas, Charmarkar]
7. Chaupal
8. Dabgar
2 [9. Dhobi, Rajak]
2 [10. Dom, Dhangad, Bansphor, Dharikar,
Dharkar, Domra]
11. Dusadh, Dhari, Dharhi
12. Ghasi
13. Halalkhor
14. Hari, Mehtar, Bhangi
15. Kanjar
16. Kurariar
17. Lalbegi
18. Musahar
19. Nat
2 [20. Pan, Sawasi, Panr]
21. Pasi
22. Rajwar
23. Turi.
PART IV.—Gujarat
1. Ager
2. Bakad, Bant
3. Bawa-Dedh, Dedh-Sadhu
2 [4. Bhambi, Bhambhi, Asadaru, Asodi,
Chamadia, Chamar, Chamar-Ravidas,
Chambhar, Chamgar, Haralayya, Harali,
Khalpa, Machigar, Mochigar, Madar, Madig,
Mochi (in Dangs district and Umergaon Taluka
of Valsad district only), Nalia, Telegu Mochi,
Kamati Mochi, Ranigar, Rohidas, Rohit,
Samgar]
2[5. Bhangi, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana,
Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Korar, Zadmalli,
Barwashia, Barwasia, Jamphoda, Zampada,
Zampda, Rushi, Valmiki]
6. Chalvadi, Channayya
7. Chenna Dasar, Holaya Dasar
8. Dangashia
9. Dhor, Kakkayya, Kankayya
10. Garmatang
11. Garoda, Garo
12. Halleer
13. Halsar, Haslar, Hulasvar, Halasvar
14. Holar, Valhar
15. Holaya, Holer
16. Lingader
17. Mahar, Taral, Dhegu Megu
18. Mahyavansi, Dhed, Dhedh, Vankar, Maru
Vankar, Antyaj
19. Mang, Matang, Minimadig
20. Mang-Garudi
21. Meghval, Meghwal, Menghvar
22. Mukri
23. Nadia, Hadi
24. Pasi
25. Senva, Shenva, Chenva, Sedma, Rawat
26. Shemalia
27. Thori
28. Tirgar, Tirbanda
29. Turi
30. Turi Barot, Dedh Barot.
3 [31. Balahi, Balai
32. Bhangi, Mehtar
33. Chamar
34. Chikwa, Chikvi
35. Koli, Kori
36. Kotwal (in Bhind, Dhar, Dewas, Guna,
Gwalior, Indore, Jhabua, Khargone, Mandsaur,
Morena, Rajgarh, Ratlam, Shajapur, Shivpuri,
Ujjain and Vidisha districts)].
PART V.— Haryana
1. Ad Dharmi
1[1A. Aheria, Aheri, Hari, Heri, Thori, Turi]
2. Balmiki, Chura, Bhangi
3. Bangali
4. Barar, Burar, Berar
2 [5. Batwal, Barwala]
6. Bauria, Bawaria
7. Bazigar
8. Bhanjra
3[9.Chamar, Jatia Chamar, Rehgar, Raigar,
Ramdasi, Ravidasi, Balahi, Batoi, Bhatoi,
Bhambi, Chamar Rohidas, Jatav, Jatava,
Mochi, Ramdasia]
10. Chanal
11. Dagi
12. Darain
13. Deha, Dhaya, Dhea
14. Dhanak
15. Dhogri, Dhangri, Siggi
16. Dumna, Mahasha, Doom
17. Gagra
18. Gandhila, Gandil Gondola
4[19. Kabirpanthi, Julaha , Kabirpanthi Julaha]
20. Khatik
21. Kori, Koli
22. Marija, Marecha
3 [23. Mazhabi, Mazhabi Sikh]
2 [24. Megh, Meghwal]
3 [25. Nat, Badi]
26. Od
27. Pasi
28. Perna
29. Pherera
1 [29A. Rai Sikh]
30. Sanhai
31. Sanhal
32. Sansi, Bhedkut, Manesh
33. Sansoi
3 [34. Sapela, Sapera]
35. Sarera
3[36. Sikligar, Bariya]
37. Sirkiband.
PART VI.— Himachal Pradesh
1. Ad Dharmi
2. Badhi, Nagalu
3. Balmiki, Bhangi, Chuhra, Chura, Chuhre
4. Bandhela
5. Bangali
6. Banjara
7. Bansi
8. Barad
9. Barar, Burar, Berar
10. Batwal
11. Bauria, Bawaria
12. Bazigar
13. Bhanjra, Bhanjre
14.Chamar, Jatia Chamar, Rehgar, Raigar,
Ramdasi, Ravidasi, Ramdasia, Mochi
15. Chanal
16. Chhimbe, Dhobi
17. Dagi
18. Darain
19. Darai, Daryai
20. Daule, Daole
21. Dhaki, Toori
22. Dhanak
23. Dhaogri, Dhuai
24. Dhogri, Dhangri, Siggi
25. Doom, Doomna, Dumna, Dumne, Mahasha